Electric vehicles (EVs) have been a commercial reality for more than 100 years. These technological and market forces were improved in the 21st century, when the lead-acid battery-powered EV market began a slow, steady period of growth. The subsequent years saw widespread use of Lithium Ion battery-powered hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs); the commercial production of pure battery-powered EVs in many niche markets; widespread adoption of (usually) lead-acid battery-powered scooters; and commercialscale demonstrations of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs).
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